Completed Annexes
Annex 1, Large Scale Thermal Storage Systems Evaluation
Annex 1 was a technical and economic evaluation of various storage concepts presented by the participating countries. The results of this work formed the basis for subsequent Annexes. The final report was published in October 1981.The Annex was formally closed at the Executive Committee Meeting in April 1983. Participating countries: Switzerland (OpA), Belgium, CEC, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, USA.
Annex 2, Lake Storage Demonstration Plant in Mannheim
Annex 2 had the objective of developing a seasonal lake storage and to demonstrate the feasibility by the construction of a large scale pilot plant in Mannheim, Germany. Construction of the plant was canceled after failing to achieve an economic design.
Annex 3, Aquifer Storage Demonstration Plant in Lausanne Dorigny
Annex 3 involved the design, construction and operation of a high temperature aquifer storage in Lausanne Dorigny. The storage consisted of a vertical well with horizontal drains. The project was commonly called SPEOS. Waste heat from a municipal facility was stored in summer and used for space heating and domestic hot water of a gymnasium. Collaboration involved seven countries and terminated in 1989. Participating countries: Switzerland (OpA), Denmark, USA, Sweden.
Annex 4, Short Term Water Heat Storage Systems
Annex 4 reviewed the theory, techniques and application of hot water storage systems and produced a state of the art report. It focused on various measures to maintain thermal stratification. The Annex was closed in 1988. Participating countries: The Netherlands (OpA), Germany, Sweden, USA
Annex 5, Full Scale Latent Heat Storage Installations
Annex 5 involved the installation and monitoring of latent energy storage installations with the objective of evaluating their technical and economic feasibility. The Executive Committee recommended reviewing the state-of-the-art of latent heat stores and a workshop was held in 1984 sponsored by the German Ministry for Research and Technology. As a result of the workshop recommendation to concentrate on monitoring pilot and demonstration plants to provide reliable performance data, an Annex on Full-scale Latent Heat Storage Installations was initiated in 1988. Germany has provided the Operating Agent. The Annex was terminated in 1992. Participating countries: Germany (Op.A), Sweden, USA.
Annex 6, Environmental and Chemical aspects of Thermal Energy Storage in Aquifers and Research and Development of Water Treatment Methods
Annex 6 dealt with the chemical and environmental aspects of thermal energy storage in aquifers. A major potential problem of aquifer energy storage is the scaling an clogging of wells and heat exchangers. To avoid these problems reliable and ecologically sound methods of water treatment are required. The development and testing of the chemical, microbiological and environmental effects of ground-water treatment methods were the objectives of Annex 6. The work was initiated in 1987 and extended through twelve experts meetings into 1993. The Netherlands provided the Operating Agent and nine countries are participating. The Annex was formally closed by the Executive Committee in 1996. Participating countries: The Netherlands (Op.A), Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, USA.
Annex 7, Innovative and Cost Effective Seasonal Cold Storage Applications
Annex 7 aimed to demonstrate innovative, energy efficient and cost effective cold storage design for a variety of building types and industrial applications to encourage the adoption of cold storage as a standard design option. More specifically, it evaluated effective storage control and operating strategies; evaluated combined hot and cold storage for increased energy efficiency and cost effectiveness; and conducted national market studies for the developed technologies. A planning workshop in Sweden initiated the work in January 1989 and the activities extended through eight experts meeting into 1993. The Annex was formally closed by the Executive Committee in 1996. Participating countries: Canada (Op.A), Germany, Holland, Sweden.
Annex 8, Implementing Underground Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Annex 8 aims to speed the introduction of Underground Thermal Energy Storage in the building, industrial and agricultural sectors. It will encourage the adoption of energy storage in standard project designs by developing procedures and tools based upon documented applications in various energy efficient systems. Screening and decision tools will be provided to ensure ecologically sensitive applications. The first experts meeting was held May 1994 in Sweden. Participating countries: Sweden (Op.A), Belgium, Canada, Germany, The Netherlands, Turkey, USA, (Japan).
Annex 9, Electrical Energy Storage Technologies for Utility Network Optimization
Annex 9 will examine the potential role of electrical storage technologies in optimizing electricity supply and utilization It will identify and overcome barriers to widespread adoption of electrical energy storage technologies through successful demonstration projects. It was proposed by EA Technology Limited in UK as a result of the recommendations of the Energy Storage Strategy Workshop held in Montreal during January 1995. The annex started July 1996. Participating countries: Canada, Germany, Netherlands, UK (OpA), USA. A few more countries are expected to join within the near future.
- Final Report of Annex 9 - 134 kBAnnex 10, Phase Change Materials and Chemical Reactions for Thermal Energy Storage
The general objectives of Annex 10 are to solve technical and market problems for a better market opportunity for thermal energy storage systems utilizing PCM or chemical reactions in the building system, the agricultural and industrial sector and to broaden the knowledgebase and disseminate information. The annex started in 1997. Particiapting countries are: Canada, Finland, Germany, Japan, Poland, Sweden (OpA), Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Turkey. Further members could be Bulgaria and Australia. Click here to visit Annex 10 Homepage
Annex 12, High-Temperature Underground Thermal Energy Storage (HT UTES)
The objectives of this task are to demonstrate that HT-UTES can be attractive to achieve more efficient economical and environmentally benign energy systems, and to disclose requirements and find problem solutions for reliable long-term ope-ration. The type of UTES-systems concerned shall be confined to Aquifer Storage (ATES) and Duct/Borehole Storage (DTES). This annex was started at the end 1997 with Germany as Operating Agent. For more information on Annex 12 please click here .
Annex 13, Design, Construction and Maintenance of UTES Wells and Boreholes
Annex 13 is a result of the Energy Storage Strategy Workshop held in Montreal during January
1995. The annex was approved by the ECES IA at the end of 1997 with Sweden as Operating Agent. For more information on Annex 13 please click here .
Annex 14. Cooling with TES in all Climates
Annex 14 was decided at XC46 in Luleå (14-15 June 1999) as a result of the Antalya kick-off Workshop (4-5 June 1999) and years of discussions within the Executive Committee. The overall objective of Annex 14 is to employ research, development and feasibility studies to advance the prospects of cooling with TES technologies for applications within a variety of energy systems and climate conditions and to encourage their use as a standard design option. The Annex, will rely heavily on the activities and results of Annexes 6, 7, 8, 10 and 13 to encourage energy efficiency and increased sustainability of the global energy resource by stimulating the expanded use of TES in innovative, energy efficient and cost-effective projects in participating countries. Operating Agent: Turkey. For more information please visit Annex 14 Homepage
Annex 17, Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Techniques – Feasibility Studies and Demonstration Projects
The objectives of this Annex is to overcome technical and market barriers for introduction of long- (seasonal) or short-term phase change and chemical reaction thermal energy storage for energy savings and for reduction of peak demand of energy in buildings, agricultural and industrial applications. Operating Agent: Sweden. For more information please visit Annex 17 Homepage